TYPES OF PUMPS

KENNETH L PABIRAN BSMARE 1

TYPES OF PUMPS

1. DYNAMIC PUMPS/ KINETIC PUMPS

1.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

The basic principle of operation of centrifugal pumps is – force vortex flow. This means, when a body of liquid is acted upon by an external torque, it increases the pressure head of the rotating liquid. This increase in pressure is directly proportional to the velocity of the liquid.

 Centrifugal pumps are used on shore for boiler feed applications, irrigation, waste management, as a booster pump, refineries, mining, air conditioning, fire fighting, food production and power generation. These pumps are used on ship's for bildge, boiler feed, fire fighting, sea water suction and general service pump.

1.2 VERTICAL PUMPS

A vertical turbine pump is a specialized type of centrifugal pump that is designed to transport fluid from a reservoir that is often deep underground.

Vertical pumps shall generally be located in a row or in more than one row under / adjacent to the pipe racks. Pump handling non-flammable product can be placed directly under the pipe rack where as the pumps handling flammable product to be avoided directly under pipe racks carrying major product lines, air coolers or vessels.

2. DISPLACEMENT PUMPS/POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

2.1 RECIPROCATING PUMPS

A reciprocating pump is a class of positive-displacement pumps that includes the piston pump, plunger pump, and diaphragm pump. Well maintained, reciprocating pumps can last for decades. Unmaintained, however, they can succumb to wear and tear.

There are various uses of the reciprocating pump and they are as follows: The lubricating pump is a reciprocating pump and it supplies the lubrication oil to the main engine. The main bilge suction pump is also a reciprocating pump. For ballast they are sometimes used.Reciprocating pump is the term that is used for the pumps that perform to and fro motion to displace fluid from suction line to discharge line. Reciprocating pumps move water or other liquids by a plunger or piston that travels back and forth inside a cylinder. Under Reciprocating pumps comes.

2.2 ROTARY TYPE PUMPS

A rotary pump is a positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In some cases these vanes can have variable length and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates. 

Rotary pumps are commonly used for pumping high viscosity liquids such as oil including in handling lube oil and fuel oil in engine rooms. They are typically classified based on the type of rotating element they utilise.

2.3 PNEUMATIC PUMPS

The basic principle of a pneumatic pump is focused on the use of pressurized gas or air to move media. When pneumatic pumps are utilized for industrial applications, it involves the use of compressed inert gases or compressed air. These pumps utilize a double piston system.

Pneumatic pumps, in particular, use compressed air to create force that is used to move fluids through a piping system. Their system of operation is very similar to that of hydraulic pumps. Essentially, pneumatic pumps use air in the same way that hydraulic pumps use fluids.

Credits of pics: Wikipedia.Org